By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

Science advances by asking new questions. As a naturally curious person, I have always been drawn to exploring those questions and searching for new perspectives. As our understanding of animal cognition continues to evolve, so too…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

For decades, parenting and dog training have followed remarkably similar cultural trends. As society moved away from authoritarian methods, both fields embraced compassion, empathy, and positive relationships. The goal was admirable: replace fear with trust. Yet…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

Animal training has never lacked information; it has theories, methods, techniques, and generations of practical application. What it has lacked is something more fundamental: a way to see how all of these pieces actually fit together…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

Social Cognitive Animal Training (SCAT) sits at the intersection of learning theory and lived experience. While it draws from social learning principles, cognitive processing, and attchament, its deeper structure aligns closely with two frameworks rarely discussed…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

There’s a moment in every animal trainer’s journey when knowledge shifts from acquired to lived experience. It’s quiet, almost imperceptible at first. Professionals pause before a cue, softening their body, and recognizing that learning unfolds between…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

Social cognitive animal training emerged from a growing recognition that dogs learn within a social context, where observation, interpretation, and referencing shape how behaviour forms. This perspective shifts training away from conditioned responses and places it…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr

I was halfway through lunch when they came to me. There was a kind of tension in the way they stood there, with urgency and a look that screamed desperation. Peter was back in the field with…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

There is a question that keeps surfacing in the horse world, often quietly, sometimes defensively. Is it actually possible to train a horse without negative reinforcement or punishment?

The short answer is yes. It is possible…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

Horses are inherently social animals. Herd dynamics govern attention, movement, and emotional regulation, and every interaction communicates information about risk, opportunity, and cooperation. 

Bandura’s work on social learning shows that horses observe and model behaviour from…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

Dogs learn behaviours everywhere: on a sidewalk, in a kitchen, near another dog, beside a food bowl, or at the end of a leash. Cognitive science has long shown that learning is deeply contextual, and Albert…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

Horses live in a world where anticipation is essential. As prey animals, their survival depends on predicting what will happen next, physically, socially, and emotionally. Cognitive science supports what experienced equestrians have long observed: horses are…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

Dogs are exceptional observers. In social cognitive animal training, dogs gather information from people, animals, and the environment around them. They notice patterns, predict outcomes, and adjust their responses based on what they see others do.

…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

Horses live in a world of constant stimulation. Every movement, tone, and gesture conveys information, and they respond with sensitivity that reflects their social and cognitive awareness. Building trust with a horse is the first step…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

Dog trainers are exceptionally good at observing behaviour. We notice patterns, emotional thresholds, timing, and context. Yet even with this level of skill, many trainers still encounter moments that behavioural explanations alone cannot fully account for…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

There comes a moment in this line of work when usual explanations stop working.

You can no longer say, They just need more clarity, and mean repetition.
You can no longer say, They’re refusing to obay,…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

The future of dog training is being shaped less by canine science and more by digital visibility. In an era where screens dominate both learning and leisure time, algorithms now determine which voices rise to the…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

Modern, science-based dog training, like social cognitive learning, recognizes that behaviour emerges from the interaction of three core determinants: social learning (how dogs learn from others), cognition (memory, perception, and attention), and environmental (physical and social…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

In dog training, professionals and pet owners often misunderstand learning theory. Social media is full of people who claim they are reinforcing behaviour when, in reality, their actions say otherwise. Trainers claim positive reinforcement (R+) while…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

In many traditional training contexts, obedience has long been the benchmark of a well-trained dog. The sit, down, stay, and heel behaviours are essential skills, and they certainly make life with dogs safer and more manageable.…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

Within the professional realm of dog training, a critical distinction exists between cues, commands prompted by external signals such as sit or look at me, and voluntary behaviours, actions the dog initiates independently. While cued…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

In canine training and behaviour science, the prevalent assumption is that puppy-to-puppy play alone ensures optimal socialization. While peer interactions contribute to motor skills and bite inhibition, they lack the structured guidance that well-socialized adult dogs…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

Positive-reinforcement training (PRT) has transformed zoo and aquarium animal care. But more treats, more often isn’t always better. In exotic species, whose metabolic needs, social systems, and foraging ecologies can be very different from domestic animals…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

In today’s digital age, online courses are everywhere, promising to teach everything from basic obedience to complex behaviour modification. While virtual learning can introduce theory, it simply cannot match the depth, precision, and emotional engagement of…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

While many dog trainers talk about social or cognitive learning, few discuss, or use, the social-cognitive learning theory developed by Canadian psychologist, Albert Bandura. This oversight matters because understanding how animals—and humans—learn through observation, perception, internal…

By Gaby Dufresne-Cyr, CBT-FLE

Part 2: How to Think Critically About Online Dog Training Advice

In Part 1, we explored how social media trainers have gained massive influence despite offering advice that’s often unqualified, outdated, or ethically questionable. Now, in…